Assignment Semantics 4 b

assignment semantics

symbol & referent

by:

siska marlina

(1488203025)

iv b

faculty of english department

SYMBOL & REFERENT

1.      SYMBOL

The symbol is a linguistic element in the form of words, sentences, and so on; which refers to objects, situations, events, and so on. In the sentence "This is great". Only the word "This" is a symbol if the word "this" refers to an object, situation, event, for example a book, a shirt, and so on. The word "good" has no symbolic function because the word "good" only serve phrase attitude. For Richards and Ogden words that express feelings, attitudes, hopes, dreams, and so on are not included within the meaning of the symbol. These words (which express the feelings, attitudes, hopes, dreams, and so on) are grouped into the "emotive language.

Symbolic language defined by Richards and Ogden is the language that matches the language of fact or facts. Meanwhile, emotive language has usefulness in the communication process to generate the expected attitudes of others or to encourage others to act, and so on

The symbol (symbol) is a sign that the relationship between the sign and the denotatum determined by a generally accepted rule

The symbol (symbol) is a sign that the relationship between the sign and the denotatum determined by a rule that is generally applicable. Signs can be classified by causes, as disclosed Djajasudarma (1993) as follows.

1.marks caused by nature, known to man for the experience, for example: -

 Overcast day will mark the rain, -

 Persistent rain could cause flooding, -

 Flooding can cause epidemics and famine, and so on.

2.marks caused by animals, known to humans from animal sounds, such as: -

 No sign of the dogs barking in the driveway, -

 Cat fight (meow) with a lively voice no signs of disease outbreaks or commotion, and so on.

3.marks caused by human beings, this sign is distinguished by:

(1) the verbal is a sign of human-generated through the tools of speech (organ of speach) And

(2) signs that are nonverbal, used by humans to communicate, as well as verbal signs. Nonverbal sign can be distinguished by:

a.The resulting mark limbs (body gesture) Is known as sign language, for example:

 

Thumbs up means great, good, and so on. -

 Meaningful nod yes, saluting, and so on. -

 Shook his head meaningfully and not, and so on. -

 Glaring meaningful surprised, angry, and so on. -

 Pointing the finger means not understand, agree, and so on. -

 Pointing meaningful, one person, and so on.

b.sign produced by sound (voice), for example: -

 Meaningful whistling happily, calling, wanting to know, and so on. -

 Screaming meaningful pain, ask for help, there is a danger, and so forth. -

 Cleared (coughed) means no one wants to know, and so on.

2.      REFERENT

Reference is the object or something that is beyond language. If we use the symbol we refer to the referent. As quoted by Parera (1990: 43) Richards and Ogden stated it is important to find a referent in order to know whether a reference is correct or not. And if reference is true, then it refers to the fact (if a reference "hangs together" in the way the actual referent hangs together, the reference is true and Refers to a fact).
Reference is a concept or idea. In the picture above, between symbol and referent is not directly related to the marked line-breaking berputus (between language and foreign languages). Conjunction through thought or reference.

Referential relationship is a relationship that exists between a word and the outside world language that referenced the conversation. The relationship between words (symbol), meaning (the concept or
reference) and something that is referenced or referent is an indirect relationship. The relationship between these three elements, can be illustrated by the so-called triangle of semiotics (semiotic triangle) of Ogden and Richards (1972); Palmer (1976) as follows.

In the picture there are symbols that focuses on the word as a symbolic language. So when a written or spoken words will have meaning to refer to something beyond language. For example, we read the word 'seat' in the text. Now, we will connect it to an object that is based on our experience, never seen or used. Physical context is then called the referent. But in its development, the concept of Ogden and Richard is more suited to a noun 'concrete' and not the emotive word. Emotive words are more difficult to be understood more clearly because it was confused with the emotional, diplomatic and other disorders. For example the word industrious, good, freedom, loyalty. The term reference symbol has a meaning to language and references. For example, we could call the 'Ir. Sukarno 'or' the President of the first 'to refer to the same referent. With this example just given us a better understanding of what is meant by the reference and referent.

 

  this task is quote by:

http://www.clearing.org/cgi/archive.cgi?/homer/proof31.memo

http://www.academia.edu/6319442/BBM_8_Unsur_Semantik_dan_Jenis_Makna

http://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/5171_Berger_Final_Pages_Chapter_1.pdf