assignment semantics
symbol & referent
by:
siska marlina
(1488203025)
iv b
faculty of english department
SYMBOL & REFERENT
1.
SYMBOL
The symbol is a linguistic element
in the form of words, sentences, and so on; which refers to objects, situations,
events, and so on. In the sentence "This is
great". Only the word "This" is a symbol if the word "this" refers to an object, situation, event,
for example a book,
a shirt, and
so on. The word "good"
has no symbolic function because the
word "good" only serve phrase
attitude. For Richards
and Ogden words
that express feelings, attitudes,
hopes, dreams, and so on are not included within
the meaning of the symbol. These
words (which express the feelings, attitudes, hopes, dreams, and so
on) are grouped into the "emotive
language.
Symbolic language defined by Richards and Ogden is the language that matches the language of fact or facts. Meanwhile,
emotive language has
usefulness in the communication process to generate the
expected attitudes of others or to encourage others to act, and so on
The
symbol (symbol) is a sign that the relationship between the sign and the
denotatum determined by a generally accepted rule
The
symbol (symbol) is a sign that the relationship between the sign and the
denotatum determined by a rule that is generally applicable. Signs can be
classified by causes, as disclosed Djajasudarma (1993) as follows.
1.marks caused
by nature, known to man for the experience, for example: -
Overcast day will mark the rain, -
Persistent rain could cause flooding, -
Flooding can cause epidemics and famine, and
so on.
2.marks caused
by animals, known to humans from animal sounds, such as: -
No sign of the dogs barking in the driveway, -
Cat fight (meow) with a lively voice no signs
of disease outbreaks or commotion, and so on.
3.marks caused
by human beings, this sign is distinguished by:
(1)
the verbal is a sign of human-generated through the tools of speech (organ of
speach) And
(2)
signs that are nonverbal, used by humans to communicate, as well as verbal
signs. Nonverbal sign can be distinguished by:
a.The
resulting mark limbs (body gesture) Is known as sign language, for example:
Thumbs
up means great, good, and so on. -
Meaningful nod yes, saluting, and so on. -
Shook his head meaningfully and not, and so
on. -
Glaring meaningful surprised, angry, and so
on. -
Pointing the finger means not understand,
agree, and so on. -
Pointing meaningful, one person, and so on.
b.sign
produced by sound (voice), for example: -
Meaningful whistling happily, calling, wanting
to know, and so on. -
Screaming meaningful pain, ask for help, there
is a danger, and so forth. -
Cleared (coughed) means no one wants to know,
and so on.
2.
REFERENT
Reference is the object or something
that is beyond language. If we use the symbol we refer to the referent. As quoted
by Parera (1990: 43) Richards and Ogden stated it is important to find a referent
in order to know whether a reference is correct or not. And if reference is
true, then it refers to the fact (if a reference "hangs together" in the
way the actual referent hangs together, the reference is true and Refers to a fact).
Reference is a concept or idea. In the picture above, between symbol and referent is not directly related to the marked line-breaking berputus (between language and foreign languages). Conjunction through thought or reference.
Reference is a concept or idea. In the picture above, between symbol and referent is not directly related to the marked line-breaking berputus (between language and foreign languages). Conjunction through thought or reference.
Referential relationship is a relationship that exists between a word
and the outside world language that
referenced the conversation. The relationship between words (symbol), meaning (the
concept or
reference) and something that is referenced or referent is an indirect relationship. The relationship between these three elements, can be illustrated by the so-called triangle of semiotics (semiotic triangle) of Ogden and Richards (1972); Palmer (1976) as follows.
reference) and something that is referenced or referent is an indirect relationship. The relationship between these three elements, can be illustrated by the so-called triangle of semiotics (semiotic triangle) of Ogden and Richards (1972); Palmer (1976) as follows.
In the picture there are symbols
that focuses on the word as a symbolic language. So when a written or spoken
words will have meaning to refer to something beyond language. For example, we
read the word 'seat' in the text. Now, we will connect it to an object that is
based on our experience, never seen or used. Physical context is then called
the referent. But in its development, the concept of Ogden and Richard is more
suited to a noun 'concrete' and not the emotive word. Emotive words are more
difficult to be understood more clearly because it was confused with the
emotional, diplomatic and other disorders. For example the word industrious,
good, freedom, loyalty. The term reference symbol has a meaning to language and
references. For example, we could call the 'Ir. Sukarno 'or' the President of
the first 'to refer to the same referent. With this example just given us a
better understanding of what is meant by the reference and referent.
http://www.clearing.org/cgi/archive.cgi?/homer/proof31.memo
http://www.academia.edu/6319442/BBM_8_Unsur_Semantik_dan_Jenis_Makna
